A residential proxy is a type of proxy server that uses an IP address provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP), not a data center. Each residential proxy address appears as a regular user to websites, offering anonymity and avoiding detection as a proxy by most site security systems.
How Does a Residential Proxy Work?
Residential proxies route your internet traffic through an intermediary server. This server changes your IP address before sending your request to the target website. As a result, the website sees the request as coming from the proxy's IP address instead of your actual IP address.
Here's a practical example: When you're in New York and want to check how a website appears to users in London, you could route your connection through a residential proxy in the UK. To the website, your traffic would appear to come from a real home in London, complete with a legitimate UK Internet Service Provider and appropriate geographic data.
Why Use Residential Proxies?
At first glance, a residential proxy solves the same problem as VPNs, however they offer significant advantages over a VPN.
When you use a residential proxy, you're borrowing the identity of a real ISP customer, complete with their ISP's infrastructure characteristics. This includes helpful features like:
- Carrier-Grade NAT (CGNAT): Many residential IPs operate behind CGNAT, which is a standard practice for ISPs. This means multiple users share the same public IP - exactly what you'd expect to see from a residential connection. When websites see traffic coming through CGNAT, it strongly signals legitimate residential origin. It also makes blocking at the IP level undesirable, as many legitimate users would also be blocked.
- Mobile Network Characteristics: Residential proxies that utilize mobile networks exhibit natural IP rotation and movement patterns. As mobile devices switch between cell towers or from mobile data to WiFi, their IPs change naturally. This creates organic-looking patterns that are hard to distinguish from regular user behavior.
In contrast, VPNs typically have several limitations that make them easier to detect:
- Static IP pools that are well-known and easily blacklisted
- Consistent networking fingerprints that don't match residential patterns
- lack of authentic ISP infrastructure markers like CGNAT
- Missing the natural geographic distribution of residential connections
- Often hosted in data centers with detectable commercial IP ranges
Residential Proxies are increasingly used by fraudsters and scammers as they provide:
- Anonymity: They provide high levels of anonymity, as they appear as regular residential IPs.
- Less Blocking: Websites are less likely to block these proxies, as they resemble real user behavior.
- Geotargeting: They allow you to access geo-restricted content by choosing IPs from specific locations.
- Data Scraping: Ideal for gathering data without being detected or banned.
- Monitoring and testing: By targeting specific locations, website owners can monitor things like performance, ads shown to users and more.
How are Residential Proxies made?
Residential proxy networks are formed through various distribution channels, with some being more ethical than others. The key methods include:
- SDK Integration: Many mobile apps incorporate SDKs that enable bandwidth sharing. When users install these apps, they often include terms of service that permit bandwidth sharing, though this may be buried in legal text.
- Free VPN Services: Some VPN providers offer free services that, in their terms of service, specify that users' bandwidth may be shared. While connected, these VPNs may route other users' traffic through the connection.
- Browser Extensions: Like SDK integration and free VPN apps, browser extensions might enable sharing of an internet connection with third parties.
- Compromised Devices/routers: Some networks are formed by malicious or state actors by hacking routers or devices, Camaro Dragon was responsible for one such network via TP-Link routers.
these IPs are made available by sometimes unwitting users installing applications, like free VPNs, on their phone or computer, that effectively makes the device's internet connection available to the proxy network provider. The provider can then route internet requests through that device for their customers.
How can I detect residential proxies?
Traditional methods of IP Intelligence are ineffective against residential proxies.
Static analysis of an IP's reputation no longer works. Proxy usage has to be evaluated on a per request basis via deep inspection of the connecting request. Peakhour's residential proxy detection service is one such service capable of detecting residential proxies.